Five Key Shifts from Dissertation to Book
The dissertation is a caterpillar—and transformation requires dissolution before you get the butterfly.
A caveat before we begin: dissertations are field-specific creatures, and I’m primarily speaking to those of you in the humanities and qualitative social sciences. If you’re coming from a field where dissertations look radically different, some of this may not apply to you.
But for those of us who wrote sprawling, chapter-based manuscripts designed to prove our scholarly mettle, the journey from dissertation to book requires some significant transformations.
One of my dear book coaching clients recently offered an analogy that perfectly captures this process:
The dissertation is a caterpillar. In order to become a book, it has to fully dissolve into a kind of ooze before it can emerge as a butterfly.
This isn’t just a poetic image—it’s what actually happens during metamorphosis. The caterpillar digests itself, releasing enzymes that dissolve its tissues, while certain essential structures survive and use that dissolved material to build something entirely new.
You will cut and completely reimagine significant portions of your dissertation, and it has to become something different. The sooner you can lean into this metamorphosis—rather than clinging to your caterpillar life—the smoother the transformation will be.
What follows are five key shifts that characterize this transformation. They aren’t sequential steps so much as overlapping dimensions of change that happen as you revise. Understanding them can help you approach the process with clearer expectations and, hopefully, less heartache.
Shift 1: From Proving Yourself to Claiming Your Authority
Perhaps the most fundamental shift—and often the most psychologically difficult—is moving from a defensive posture to an authoritative one. In graduate school, we learn to constantly defend and back up our ideas.
We hedge, we qualify, we cite exhaustively, and we show our work at every turn. This makes sense: the dissertation exists in part to prove that you have mastered the foundations of your field and that you know how to set up a research project of this magnitude. Your committee needs to see that you can do the thing before they certify you as someone who has done it.
But once you have a PhD, you have more assumed credibility. The book doesn’t need to prove you belong in the conversation—it needs to make a compelling contribution to it. This means you can stop showing your work in the same exhaustive way. You don’t usually need to trace the genealogical histories of how you arrived at the theories you employ; instead, you weave those theories into conversation with your analysis.
The voice shift can feel scary. Moving from “please pass me” to “I have something to say” is genuinely uncomfortable, especially in academic systems that have rewarded deference for years. But that’s precisely what the book asks of you. The hedging falls away, and your claims become bolder and more direct.
Shift 2: From Committee to Curious Readers
Your dissertation audience consisted of committee members and examiners who would read the entire thing, who knew the jargon, and who expected you to demonstrate exhaustive mastery. They were, in a sense, captive readers—obligated to finish whether they wanted to or not.
Your book audience is different. Colleagues across your field and subfield, interdisciplinary readers, and students might pick up your book, dip into a chapter or two, and decide whether to keep reading based on whether you’ve drawn them in. They are curious but busy. They are not obligated to finish.
This shift requires you to think more carefully about who, specifically, you’re writing for. Not everyone who might be broadly interested in your topic, but a group of people you can imagine picking up your book in a library or assigning one chapter in a seminar.
When I was writing my book about women in the UFC, I initially thought I needed to defend women’s sports to skeptics, which made my arguments more basic and less innovative. When I realized I wanted to speak to people who already appreciated women’s sports, who wanted to see them grow, and who understood the existing inequalities, I could shift my arguments in new directions and cut a lot of unnecessary material. Knowing your audience changes everything about what you include and how you frame it.
A dissertation assumes captive readers. A book assumes curious but busy ones.
Shift 3: From Exhaustive Literature Review to Strategic Positioning
Dissertations often include massive literature reviews designed to demonstrate that you’ve read everything and can map the entire field. This makes sense for proving competence—your committee needs to see that you understand the scholarly landscape. But this approach doesn’t serve a book well.
In a book, you still engage a body of scholarship, but selectively—to set up the conversation and then move quickly to your intervention. Where you might have had ten pages devoted to the intellectual genealogies that inform your dissertation, the book retains only the most relevant pieces that directly inform the arguments and interventions you’re making. The rest gets filtered into the introduction and body chapters in smaller doses, or it gets cut entirely.
Here’s a useful diagnostic: if big chunks of a chapter read like “Scholar A says... Scholar B says... Scholar C argues...,” that’s dissertation mode. Book mode sounds more like: “Here’s what’s at stake in this conversation—and here’s what I’m arguing.” Your voice leads; other scholars support. A good amount of that deep literature review material needs to be cut to free the book to be more agile and focused.
Shift 4: From Reporting Research to Telling an Argument-Driven Story
Dissertations in social sciences are often organized by method, case, or chronological steps in the research process: literature review, then theory, then method, then case chapters, then conclusion. This structure reflects the process of doing research, which is exactly what you needed to demonstrate for your committee.
Books need a different organizing principle: the argument itself. What does a reader need to know, and in what order, to be persuaded? The book often needs fewer but sharper claims, and it needs a narrative arc that pulls readers through rather than simply reporting what you found. Chapters should be relatively self-contained and teachable as stand-alone readings—the kind of thing a professor might assign in a graduate seminar. Tangents and side-quests that felt important during research often get cut or spun off into articles.
Shift 5: From Everything-in-One-Place to a Focused, Adoptable Book
Presses increasingly care about whether a first book is teachable and concise—chapters that can be assigned in courses, manageable length, limited jargon, and a clear sense of who will buy it. This is a practical reality of academic publishing, and it shapes what your book can be.
Cutting and refocusing is expected, not a failure. Your dissertation might contain three book-worthy ideas; the book may reasonably focus on just one. The proposal and introduction will need to speak to courses, series, and fields—not just a narrow committee.
If your dissertation feels like “too much” to turn into a book, that’s probably accurate. But that doesn’t mean the project is unbookable—it means you have more than one project’s worth of material. This is good news, even if it doesn’t feel that way at first.
Embracing the Ooze
The caterpillar-to-butterfly metaphor captures something true about this process. Transformation requires dissolution. You can’t keep most of your caterpillar parts and also become a butterfly. The dissertation served its purpose beautifully: it got you the degree, it proved your competence, and it established your expertise. Now it needs to become something else.
This can feel like loss, and it’s okay to grieve a little. You spent years on that dissertation. But the ooze phase is generative, not destructive. What emerges on the other side is a book that can travel further, reach more readers, and make the contribution you always knew your research could make.
I’d love to hear from those of you who are currently in the ooze phase. What questions are you grappling with? Where are you feeling stuck? Hit reply or leave a comment and let me know—your questions might just become a future newsletter.